Ngữ pháp ôn tập học kì 2 môn Tiếng Anh 8

REVISION 8 (II)
Tenses / Passive:
Tenses
Active
Passive
Adverbs
1. The simple present
S + V-s/es + O
S + am/is/are + P.P
Always, usually, often, seldom, sometimes, every,..
2. The simple past
S + V-2/ed + O
S + was/ were + P.P
Yesterday, last, ago, in
3. The future 
S + will/ shall + bare inf + O
S + will/ shall + be + P.P
Tomorrow, next, soon, in.
4.Modal verb
S + modal verb + bare inf
S + modal verb + be + P.P
5. The present progressive
S + am/is/are + V-ing + O
S + am/is/are + being + P.P
Now, right now, at present, at the moment; Look, Listen!
5. The past progressive
S + was/ were + V-ing + O
S + was/ were + being + P.P
At last night, All day yesterday, At that time yesterday, While,.
6. The present perfect
S + have/ has + P.P + O
S + have/ has + been + P.P
Just, already, recently, lately, since, for, several times, many times, yet, never, ever, so far,..
Passive voice: (Thể bị động)
Cách đổi: S + V + O + NC + TG
 S + Be + V-3/ed + NC + ( by + O) + TG
Ex: People speak English all over the world.
 à English is spoken all over the world.
S + said / told (O) + that + S + V(past tense) +
II. Reported speech:
 a. Statements:
S + asked /told + O + (not) To infinitive
b. Commands: 
S + asked + (O) + if / whether + S + V(past tense) + 
c. Yes – No questions: 
Notes:
1. Đổi ngôi
I à He / She We àThey
me à him / her us à them
my à his / her our à their
2. Đổi thì
The simple present (V-s/es) à The simple past (V-2/ed)
will à would shall à should
can à could may à might must à had to
3. Đổi trạng từ
this à that tonight àthat night
these àthose tomorrow àthe next day / the following day
here à there next week/ month àthe following week / month
now à then last week / month à the week / month before
ago àbefore yesterday àthe previous day / the day before
today à that day 
III. COMPARISON OF PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE TENSE:
Past simple tense
Present perfect tense
Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ có xác định thời gian.
 Ex: Last night, I met my old friend.
Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ.
 Ex:They moved here in 1970.
Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không xác định thời gian.
 Ex: I have already seen that film.
Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và vẫn còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại, tương lai.
 Ex: We have studied English for 3 years.
IV. PRESENT / PAST PARTICIPLE PHRASE:
a. Present participle phrase: (V-ing) (Ngữ hiện tại phân từ)
Ngữ hiện tại phân từ là một cụm từ bắt đầu bằng động từ nguyên mẫu thêm “Ing”, đứng sau danh từ và bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đó. 
 Ex: The boy reading a book is Ba. 
b. Past participle phrase: (V-ed/3) (Ngữ quá khứ phân từ)
Ngữ quá khứ phân từ là một cụm từ bắt đầu bằng “V3/ed”, đứng sau danh từ và bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đó. 
 Ex: The old lamp made in China is 5 $.
V. THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE WITH “ALWAYS”: 
“Always” được dùng ở thì HTTD để diễn đạt sự than phiền, phàn nàn hay trách móc.
 Ex: He is always forgetting his homework.
VI. STRUCTURES:
ADJECTIVES FOLLOWED BY AN INFINITIVE OR A NOUN CLAUSE:
It + Be + adj + To inf..
S + Be + adj + (that) + clause..
Ex: I’m very glad to meet you.
 I’m happy that you got good grades.
REQUEST WITH “WOULD/ DO YOU MIND...?”
a.
Do/ Would you mind + V-ing.?
b. 
Do you mind if I + V (present tense)?
Would you mind if I + V(past tense).?
 Ex: - Would/ Do you mind opening the door?
	 - Do you mind if I take a photo?
 - Would you mind if I took a photo?
COMPOUND WORD:
Noun + V-ing
 Ex: Rice – cooking, water fetching, fire- making, 
It is a contest in which participants have to cook rice.
à It is a rice- cooking contest.
TO- INFINITIVE FOLLOWED QUESTION WORDS: 
S + V + (O) + question words + to- infinitive
 Ex: She showed me how to make Spring rolls.
TO- INFINITIVE, BARE INFINITIVE AND GERUND:
TO- INFINITIVE :
Sau tính t ừ
Sau một số động từ: ask, tell, want, decide, 
Sau Questions words.
GERUND (V-ing):
 - Sau một số động từ: enjoy, stop, finish, mind, avoid, start, begin, stop, 
BARE INFINITIVE:
Sau: Modal verbs (will, shall, can, may, must, should, ought to,.)
PHRASES OF PURPOSE:
In order (not) + to- inf
So as to (not) + to- inf
(để mà)
Ex: They study hard in order to pass the exam.
VII. SEQUENCE MARKERS:
Từ để kết nối chuỗi các hành động, sự kiện hoặc để chỉ trật tự trước sau trong 1 qui trình.
First (trước tiên, trước hết)
Second (thứ hai)
Then (sau đó)
Next (kế tiếp)
After that (sau đó)
Finally (cuối cùng)
ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN THI HỌC KÌ II - LỚP 8
Năm học 2010 - 2011
 Pupils review carefully all what they have learnt so far. Grammar points to be remembered from Unit 9 to Unit 16.
PASSIVE VOICE
S 	V	O.	
S + be + past participle + by + O. 
Ex : My grandfather built this house.
 g This house was built by my grandfather.
MODAL VERBS
a. WILL
Ex:	Will you have some more tea ? .
b. SHALL
Ex: Shall we go to the cinema ?
ADJECTIVES FOLLOWED BY AN INFINITIVE OR A NOUN CLAUSE.
S + be + adjective + to-inf.
Ex : I’m very pleased to see you here.
It’s nice to talk to you.
S + be + adjective + noun clause (that clause).
Ex : We are delighted that you passed your English exam.
THE PARTICIPLES
Present participle (V-ing)
Ex: The boy reading the book in the library is my friend.
Past participle (V-ed/3 ) 
Ex: The book put on the table is thick.
REQUEST WITH WOULD / DO YOU MIND ?
Would you mind / Do you mind + V-ing +.?
 	Ex: Would you mind opening the door?
Do you mind if I + V(present tense) +  ?
Ex: Do you mind if I use your phone?
PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE
was 
 + V-ing
were
Ex : The fire was still burning at 6 o’clock this morning.
	Their mother was preparing the breakfast while they were still sleeping. 
	When I came to her house yesterday morning, she was singing.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE WITH ALWAYS
“Always”được dùng với thì hiện tại tiếp diễn để diễn tả sự phàn nàn.
Ex: She’s always talking in class.
COMPOUND WORD
	Ex : rice-cooking, water-fetching, fire-making, bull-fighting
REPORTED SPEECH
STATEMENTS
He said: “I will come here to take this book tomorrow.”
¨ He said that he would come there to take that book the following day.
COMMANDS and REQUESTS
“Don’t talk in class, children.” The teacher said.
¨ The teacher told children not to talk in class.
YES / NO QUESTIONS
“Did you go to school yesterday, Lan ?” he said.
¨ He asked Lan if she had gone to the school the day before.
QUESTION WORDS BEFORE TO-INFINITIVE
Trong lời nói gián tiếp, to-infinitive có thể được dùng sau vấn từ what, when, where, who, how, (nhưng không đứng sau Why)
S + V + (O) + what + to-inf.
Ex: She shows me where to get tickets.
	Nga told Nhi how to go there.
COMPARISON OF PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE TENSE
Past Simple tense
Present perfect tense
Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng thời gian xác định.
I saw that film last night.
Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng thời gian không xác định.
I have already seen that film.
Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ.
He lived in Paris for ten years.
Diễn tả hành động đã bắt đầu ở quá khứ và vẫn còn tiếp tục cho đến hiện tại.
He has lived in Paris for ten years.
TO-INFINITIVE and BARE INFINITIVE 
¯ Cấu trúc dùng với to-infinitive
Sau tính từ. It’s nice to meet you.
Sau một số động từ: want, ask, tell, decide, start, begin, hope, agree. He decided to leave early.
Sau question words. We don’t know how to swim.
¯ Cấu trúc dùng với bare infinitive
Sau modal verb. We can speak English.
PHRASES OF PURPOSE 
Ex: We are studying hard so as to pass (in order to pass) the final exam.
Ex: I get up early in order not to be ( so as not to be) late for class.
SEQUENCE MARKERS
First 
Then 
Next 
After that
Finally 
Ex: First, take the used tea leaves from the tea pot. After that, scatter the tea leaves on the tray. Then dry the leaves in the sun Finally, put the dry leaves in a pot for future use.
 	 –¯—
EXERCISES
Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
A. overhead	B. teammate	C. speaker	D. bean
A. challenging	B. fetch	C. brochure	D. chocolate
A. arrive	B. separate	C. marine	D. award
A. emergency	B. decide	C. reduce	D. elevate
A. hill	B. sight	C. find	D. tribe
Choose the one word or phrase that would not be appropriate.
I took off my shoes so as to not make any noise.
A	 B C D
Shall you close the window for me, please?
	 A B C D
He gets up early in order to reviewing lessons before school.
 A B	 C D
The boy falls off his bike and hit his head on the road.
 A B C D
My sister is studying very hard in order getting good grades at school.
 A	 B C	 D
Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each of the following sentences.
We should use cloth bags ___ of plastic bags.
A. instead	B. besides	C. apart	D. without
In the world, millions of old papers ___ away every day.
A. thrown	B. are throwing	C. are thrown	D. threw
She was very sad ___ good marks in the final test.
A. not get	B. not to get	C. to not get	D. not getting
Farmers collect household and garden waste to make ___.
A. compost	B. floor coverings	C. glassware	D. pipes
The ruler ___ of plastic is Lan’s.
A. is making	B. to make	C. making	D. made
Do you mind if I ___ this window?
A. open	B. opened	C. to open	D. opening
Tim ___ rice paddies before.
A. never saw	B. has never seen	C. seen	D. sees
Would you mind ___ the washing-up for me tonight?
	A. doing	B. did	C. do	D. to do
Liz is very ___ in the water-fetching contest.
	A. interest	B. interested	C. interesting	D. interests
Trung asked Minh ___ he lived in Quang Nam province.
	A. whether	B. has	C. did	D. weather
Supply the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets.
I (not meet) .. her at school since last month.
She (come) .. to see you if she arrives here.
Their friends (rehearse) .. a new play at the moment?
The students (not have) .. school next week.
We (not go) .. out last night because of the rain.
She (join) .. in our trip next summer?
The children (know) .. each other before?
Would you mind if I (take) .. a photo?
Turn the following sentences into passive form.
They built that bridge five years ago.
..
The students in my school hold a meeting every Saturday.
..
Their school will organize an art exhibition next month.
..
Ba can fix his bike by himself.
..
The tourist guide has taken my children to the Botanical Garden for hours.
..
Change these sentences into reported speech.
“I want our house to look clean and nice at Tet holidays,” said my mother.
..
“Is Ha Long Bay in Northern Viet Nam, Phuong?” Mary asked Phuong.
..
“Do many tourists visit Phong Nha Cave every year, Lan?” Peter asked.
..
“After Tet everything is expensive,” said my neighbor.
..
“My sister likes cooking,” said Minh.
..
	-The end-
Exercises:
I. Supply the correct verbs:
The girl (just/ made) ______________the new clothes for us.
It (get) _____________darker and darker and the wind (blow) _____________strongly.
 The children (play) _____________ when it started to rain.
 Nam (do) ____________ his homework while his sister (read) __________ a newspaper.
 What ______________ you (think about) ___________when the phone rang?
The woman (read) _____________ (read) that novel many times.
Bill enjoys (listen) ____________ to music
He (visit)___________________ Hanoi next month. 
It’s not easy (learn)_____________ a foreign language.
It’s happy (hear)__________ that you (pass)____________ the exam last week.
We (finish) ____________________the work 2 hours ago.
Do you mind if I (sit)_____________ here?
 Would you mind (open)___________ the window?
 Would you mind if I (ask) ___________________ you a question?
Can you tell me how (make) __________ this cake?
II. Change into passive:
They separated the rice from the husk.
Alexander Eiffel designed The Eiffel Tower for the Paris World’s fair of 1889.
We haven’t visited Ha Long Bay yet. 
They will hold the next meeting in Chicago.
 Nobody has used this room for years. 
You must write the answers on the one side of the paper only.
Were you cooking dinner at 8 o’clock yesterday?
He is writing a novel now.
The teacher explained the lesson to students.
Mr Brown teaches grammar.
We clean the garbage every day.
We export this computer to different countries.
III. Change into reported speech:
The boy said to his neighbor: “I’m going on holiday tomorrow”
The doctor said to me: “You can leave the hospital today”.
The students said: “We will take the exam next week”. 
He said to her: “I will come here to see you again tomorrow”.
 “I must do these exercises now”. The student said
She said: “I’ll come to see you if I have free time”.
“We are going to visit Hue this summer” They said 
My brother said: “You can use my computer today”.
He said: “We are learning English now.”
Tom said: “My friend is coming next week.”
We said: “We shall overcome this difficulty”.
He said: “My father is a doctor here”.
 “I’m living in this city now” The girl said.
IV. Rewrite sentences. Using compound words:
It is a contest in which participants have to make a fire. _____________________________
Viet Nam is a country which exports a lot of rice. _________________________________
This is a machine which is used to wash clothes. __________________________________
Japan has big companies that make toys. _________________________________________
It is a festival in which people have bulls fight against each others. ____________________
Our school has just held a contest in which students arranged flowers as attractively as they could. __________________________________________________________________
V. Combine sentences, Using “Adj + To inf/ Noun clause”
She was disappointed. She heard about that. _____________________________________
He will pass the exam. We think. ______________________________________________
He got a good job. He is lucky. _______________________________________________
We received our letter. We are surprised. _______________________________________
I have nothing better to offer you. I’m ashamed. __________________________________
They came back late. We worried. _____________________________________________
She met her old friends. She is glad. ___________________________________________
I’m sorry. I don’t know about your illness. ______________________________________ 
VI. Combine sentences. Using Present or Past Participles:
The boy is Ba. He is reading a book. ___________________________________________ 
Do you know the girl? She is talking to Tom. ____________________________________ 
The taxi broke down. It was taking us to the airport. _______________________________ 
Most of the goods are exported. They are made in this factory._______________________ 
At the end of the street there is a path. The path leads to the river. ____________________ 
This house is very old. It was built a long time ago. _______________________________ 
The boy who is sitting in the library is Peter. _____________________________________ 
The road is very narrow. It joins the two villages. _________________________________
The computer is breaking down. It’s very old.____________________________________
The boy was bitten by a dog. The boy is very smart._______________________________ 
The baby is crying for her mother. She is sitting in an armchair. 
___________________________________________________________________________
The boy was taken to the hospital. He was injured in an accident.
___________________________________________________________________________
The road is very narrow. It joins the two villages. _________________________________
Do you know the woman? The woman is talking to my brother. ______________________
The door has been repaired. It was broken last night. ____________________________
The taxi broke down. It was taking us to the airport. _______________________________
A bridge has been declared unsafe. It was built only two years ago.
____________________________________________________________________________
A new factory has just opened in the town. The factory employs 500 people.
____________________________________________________________________________
“Romeo and Juliet” is the best tragedy I have ever seen. It was written by Shakespeare.
____________________________________________________________________________
She gave me some wine. It made from grapes. ____________________________________