Đề cương ôn tập Tiếng anh 8 học kì II

ĐỀ CƯƠNG ƠN TẬP TIẾNG ANH 8 HKII
Từ vựng : Từ bài 9 – 16
Ngữ pháp:
1: REPORTED SPEECH
Commands, requests in Reported Speech: t­êng thuËt c©u yªu cÇu hoỈc ®Ị nghÞ
*C©u t­êng thuËt (hay cßn gäi lµ c©u nãi gi¸n tiÕp) lµ c¸ch nãi mµ ng­êi ta dïng ®Ĩ thuËt l¹i hay kĨ l¹i cho ai nghe nh÷ng g× mµ ng­êi kh¸c ®· hoỈc ®ang nãi. Khi ®ỉi tõ c©u trùc tiÕp sang c©u gi¸n tiÕp cần thay đổi đại từ nhân xưng, t©n ng÷ (personal pronouns) cho thích hợp.
*Kh¼ng ®Þnh:
Trùc tiÕp: “Please, V + ., + (Tªn)” , S + said / told.
Gi¸n tiÕp : S + told + O(tªn) + to + V..
VD: “Please wait for me, Mary”. Tom said
=>Tom told Mary to wait for him.
*Phđ ®Þnh:
Trùc tiÕp: “Please, Don’t + V + ., + (Tªn)” , S + said / told.
Gi¸n tiÕp : S + told + O(tªn) + not + to + V..
	VD: “Don’t talk in class!” teacher said.
 	=> Teacher told the students not to talk in class.
b. Advice in Reported Speech: t­êng thuËt lêi khuyªn
DIRECT SPEECH
REPORTED SPEECH
Miss Wilson said Tim should use this book.
Miss Wilson said Tim should get up earlier.
Miss Wilson said you should use that book.
Miss Wilson said you should get up earlier
*Cã thĨ tỉng hỵp thµnh b¶ng sau :
COMMANDS, REQUESTS AND ADVICE IN REPORTED SPEECH
Imperatives
Direct speech
Indirect speech
Affirmative Imperative
V1 + 
Mike said to Henry, “Come in, please.”
S+ told / asked O + to + V1 + 
Mike told Mary to come in.
Negative Imperative
Don’t + V1 + 
 "Don't play on the grass, boys," she said.
S+ told / asked O + not + to + V1 + 
She asked the boys not to play on the grass.
Requests
“Can/could/ may /might you...?”
“Could you close this door?”, said Nam to me.
S+ told / asked O + to V1...
Nam asked / requested me to close that door.
Advice
“ You should / ought to + V1.”
He said to his son,” You should do your homework tonight.”
S+ told + O +(that) S+ should/ ought + to V1...
He told his son he should do his homework that night.	 
Direct speech
Reported speech
- Ngôi thứ nhất chuyển về cùng ngôi người nói.
 (I he, she; me him/ her; myhis, her )
 - Ngôi thứ hai chuyển về cùng ngôi người nghe 
 (you I, we, he, she, they; you me, us, him, her, them; your my...)
 -Ngôi thứ ba không đổi ngôi (sh/she/ it/ they) 
This / These / Here
 That / Those / There 
Now/ Today/ Tonight 
Then /That day /That night
Tomorrow Yesterday 
Next week / year
 Last week / year 
 The next/ following day
 The day before
 The following week/ year
 The previous week / year
2: The simple present perfect tense
1-Cơng thức:	(+) S + have/ has + V-pII.................
 	(-) S + have / has + not + V-pII...........
 	(?) Have/ Has + S + V-pII.................?
 -Yes, S + have/ has.
 -No, S + have/ hasn’t.
Notes: Have: they, we, you, 2TR
 Has : I, she, he, it, 1TR
2- Cách dung:
-Diễn tả 1 sự việc vừa mới xảy ra.
Ex: She has just arrived at the airport.
 They have begun a new English class recently.
- Diễn tả sự việc xảy ra khơng nhớ rõ thời gian.
Ex: I have already seen that play.
 Have you ever been to New York?
 He has not repaired his car yet?
- Diễn tả một sự việc đã xảy ra trong quá khứ và cịn liên quan đến hiện tại
Ex: I have lived in Lam Cot since 2004.
 I have lived in Lam Cot for 4 years.
3 – Các từ đi kèm:
Just, since, for, recently, yet, never, ever, already, before, so far, it’s the first/ second time, up to now, up to the present, till now(cho tới bây giờ), all + TTSH + life.
* Vị trí của các từ: 	- Just, never, ever, already đứng ngay sau have/ has.
	- Yet, before đứng cuối câu.
*Notes: yet: chỉ dung trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi. 
For + khoảng thời gian.
Since + mốc thời gian ở quá khứ. 
Never: mang nghĩa phủ định.
3: PHRASE OF PURPOSE and ajectives
1-ADJECTIVE FOLLOWED BY AN INFINITIVE : It’s + adjective + to-V
- It’s dangerous to swim in that river. ( Bơi ở con sông đó thật nguy hiểm.)
- It’s easy to learn English.	 ( Rất dễ học tiếng Anh. / Học tiếng Anh rất dễ.)
- It’s difficult to do that exercise.	 ( Làm bài tập đó rất khó.)
Những Adjectives thường gặp trong cấu trúc này là: 
easy, difficult, hard, dangerous, important, necessary, lovely, interesting, nice, great
=> It’s + adj + to V.. = To V .. + tobe + adj = V-ing.. + tobe + adj
2- ADJECTIVE FOLLOWED BY A NOUN CLAUSE: 
Subject + Verb + adjective + noun clause
- They are delighted that you passed your exam. (Họ rất vui khi bạn thi đậu.)
- He was happy that you remembered his birthday. ( Ông ấy rất vui khi bạn nhớ sinh nhật của ông ấy.)
- I’m sure that they will come.	 (Tôi chắc chắn họ sẽ đến.)
Những Adjectives thường gặp trong cấu trúc này là:
happy, delighted, sad, sure, certain, relieved, afraid, sorry
3. PHRASE OF PURPOSE
Ta có thể dùng cấu trúc so as (not) to + Vo hoặc in order (not) to + Vo để diễn tả 1 mục đích.
Ví dụ: - I study hard in order to pass the exam.
- I study hard so as to pass the exam
- She opened the umbrella in order to protect herself from rain.
- She opened the umbrella so as to protect herself from rain.
4: passive voice
1-c«ng thøc tỉng qu¸t:
 	 S + V + O
 S + be + pII +.... by+O
*C©u bÞ ®éng ë th× hiƯn t¹i th­êng:
 	S + V-s,es + O
 S + am/ is/ are + pII + .... by+ O
Ex: The workers make the pens.
àThe pens are made by workers.
*C©u bÞ ®éng ë th× qu¸ khø ®¬n:
 	S + V-ed + O
 S + was / were + pII + .... by+ O
EX: I visited my grandparents last week.
àMy parents were visited by me last week.
*C©u bÞ ®éng ë th× hiƯn t¹i hoµn thµnh:
 	 S + have/ has + V- pII + O
 S + have/ has + been + pII +....by+ O
Ex:They have built this house since last week.
àThis house has been built since last week (by them)
*C©u bÞ ®éng cđa c¸c ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu:
 	S + modal + V + O
 S + modal + be + pII +....by+O
Ex:He can mend this bike.
àThis bike can be mended by him.
2-C¸ch chuyĨn tõ c©u chđ ®éng sang c©u bÞ ®éng:
-X¸c ®Þnh chđ ng÷, ®éng tõ, t©n ng÷ cđa c©u chđ ®éng.
-T©n ng÷ cđa c©u chđ ®éng chuyĨn thµnh chđ ng÷ cđa c©u bÞ ®éng.
-ViÕt be ë th× cđa ®éng tõ chÝnh trong c©u chđ ®éng.
-ViÕt ®éng tõ chÝnh cđa c©u bÞ ®éng ë d¹ng qu¸ khø ph©n tõ.
-Chđ ng÷ cđa c©u chđ ®éng chuyĨn thµnh t©n ng÷ cđa c©u bÞ ®éng, viÕt sau ch÷ BY.
-NÕu chđ ng÷ lµ ®¹i tõ nh©n x­ng (they, he, she, we, you) hay ®¹i tõ bÊt ®Þnh (someone, everyone...) cã thĨ bá ë c©u bÞ ®éng.
-§èi víi ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu ë c©u bÞ ®éng, ta thªm BE vµo gi÷a ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu vµ ®éng tõ chÝnh (ë d¹ng qu¸ khø ph©n tõ)
5: V-ing and V-ed participles and requests
1- HiƯn t¹i ph©n tõ vµ qu¸ khø ph©n tõ: V-ing and V-ed participles:
Có 2 loại Participle Phrases : Present Participle Phrases và Past Participle Phrases.
a. Present Participle Phrases: diễn tả ý chủ động (Active), hoặc “đang làm gì”. Thường dùng với người
- The boy standing over there is Jack.
- The boys playing in the garden are his sons.
b. Past Participle Phrases: diễn tả ý thụ động (Passive). Thường dùng với đồ vật
The car made from recycled aluminum cans is 5 dollars.
The doll dressed in blue is Mary’s.
2-c©u yªu cÇu vµ ®Ị nghÞ:
Chúng ta có thể dùng 1 trong những cách sau đây để đưa ra 1 lời đề nghị hoặc yêu cầu. 
 Lưu ý động từ đứng sau mind phải ở dạng V-ing (Gerund)
C«ng thøc: Do you mind +V-ing
 Would you mind	
 - Do you mind opening the window? 	 (Phiền bạn mở dùm cửa sổ.)
 - Would you mind opening the window? (Phiền bạn mở dùm cửa sổ.)
* Nếu đồng ý, ta có thể dùng 1 trong những cách sau đây:
No, I don’t mind.
No, of course not.
Not at all.
No problem.
* Nếu không thể làm theo yêu cầu, ta có thể dùng 1 trong những cách sau đây:
I’m sorry, I can’t.
I’m afraid, I can’t.
I’m sorry, that is not possible.
Nếu muốn xin phép cho mình làm chuyện gì, ta có thể dùng 1 trong những cách sau đây:
C«ng thøc: Do you mind if I 	+ V-htđ 
 Would you mind if I	+ V-qkđ
Do you mind if I open the window?	(Tôi mở cửa sổ có phiền cho bạn không?)
Would you mind if I opened the window? 	(Tôi mở cửa sổ có phiền cho bạn không?)
* Nếu đồng ý, ta có thể dùng 1 trong những cách sau đây:
No, I don’t mind.
No, of course not.
Not at all.
No problem.
Please do.
Please go ahead.
* Nếu không đồng ý, ta có thể dùng 1 trong những cách sau đây:
I’d prefer you didn’t.
I’d rather you didn’t.
6: the past continuous tense
1-Th× qu¸ khø tiÕp diƠn: (past continuous)
a-C«ng thøc:
 (+)S + was/ were + V-ing
 (-) S + was/ were + not + V-ing
 (?) Was/ Were + S + V-ing...?
 -Yes, S + was/ were.
 -No, S + was/ were + not.
b-C¸ch dïng:
-DiƠn t¶ 1 hµnh ®éng ®ang diƠn ra t¹i 1 thêi ®iĨm x¸c ®Þnh trong qu¸ khø.
Ex: I was watching TV at 8 o’clock last night.
-DiƠn t¶ 1 hµnh ®éng ®ang x¶y ra th× hµnh ®éng kh¸c c¾t ngang.
Ex: When my mother came, I was watching TV.
(hµnh ®éng nµo x¶y ra tr­íc: chia ë QKTD, hµnh ®éng x¶y ra sau: chia ë QK§ vµ ®i kÌm when)
-DiƠn t¶ 2 hµnh ®éng cïng x¶y ra t¹i 1 thêi ®iĨm x¸c ®Þnh trong qu¸ khø.
Ex:While I was watching TV, my father was reading a newspaper.
c-C¸c tõ ®i kÌm:
At 8 o’clock last night, at this time last week/ month/ year, when + QKĐ, while.
*Mét sè ®éng tõ kh«ng chia ë th× tiÕp diƠn:
Hear, know, understand, have, love, like, want, prefer, need, wish
2-Th× hiƯn t¹i tiÕp diƠn víi always: Mang ý nghÜa than phiỊn vỊ ®iỊu g×:
You are always getting up late in winter.
à Mai is always getting up late in winter.
Asks Ss if they often talk in class in order to give the complain
Encourage Ss to give the complain about their friends:
SA : You are always talking in class.
 à Minh is always talking in class.
 à S + am/ is / are + always + V ing
7: REPORTED SPEECH
* Direct – reported speech: (C©u trùc tiÕp- C©u gi¸n tiÕp)
+C©u trùc tiÕp: lµ c©u nãi ®­ỵc thuËt l¹i ®ĩng nguyªn v¨n lêi cđa ng­êi nãi.
VD:Tom said, “I like reading books”. 
Note: c©u trùc tiÕp ®­ỵc viÕt trong ngoỈc kÐp, vµ ng¨n c¸ch víi mƯnh ®Ị t­êng thuËt bëi dÊu phÈy.
+C©u gi¸n tiÕp: lµ lêi nãi ®­ỵc thuËt l¹i víi ý vµ tõ cđa ng­êi thuËt nh­ng vÉn gi÷ nguyªn ý.
VD: Tom said he liked reading books. 
Note: C©u gi¸n tiÕp kh«ng bÞ ng¨n c¸ch bëi dÊu phÈy, dÊu ngoỈc kÐp vµ lu«n tËn cïng b»ng dÊu chÊm.
*C©u trùc tiÕp vµ c©u gi¸n tiÕp bao giê cịng gåm hai phÇn:
-C©u t­êng thuËt/ mƯnh ®Ị t­êng thuËt.
-C©u trùc tiÕp hay c©u gi¸n tiÕp.
 Tom said, “I like reading books”. 
 M§ t­êng thuËt c©u trùc tiÕp
 Tom said he liked reading books. 
M§ t­êng thuËt c©u gi¸n tiÕp
*Nh÷ng thay ®ỉi khi chuyĨn tõ c©u trùc tiÕp sang c©u gi¸n tiÕp :
-§ỉi ng«i, ®ỉi th×, tõ chØ thêi gian vµ n¬i chèn theo quy t ... et / got)
8. Milk bottles can be __ after being clean. ( recycled / thrown away / broken / reused)
9. This project __ next month. ( is carried out / will carry out / carries out / will be carry out)
10. It’s dangerous __ in this river. ( swim / to swim / swimming / swam)
11. we are looking forward to __ you in June. ( seeing / see / saw / be seen)
12. I’m looking forward __ seeing you in June. 	(in / with / to / on)
13. Could I help you __ your luggage. 	(with / of / on / to)
14. Would you mind sitting __ the front seat the taxi? 	(on / at / during / in)
15. Ha Long Bay is recognized __ UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. ( of / by / to / for)
16. John is interested __ the history of Viet Nam. 	( in / with / to / on)
17. She is thinking __ importing flowers from Viet Nam. 	( on / around / to / off)
18. I can see a boy __ a water buffalo. 	( ride / riding / to ride / rode)
19. It’s __ to travel around Viet Nam. 	( interested / interesting / interestedly / interestingly)
20. Would you mind __ the window? 	( to close / closing / closed / close)
21. This is the first time Shannon __ rice paddies. 	( is seeing / saw / see / has seen)
22. I promised __ late. 	( not being / not to be / to not be / not be)
23. She asked me __ a driving licence. 	(if I have/ whether I have / if I had / whether I have had )
24. The pyramid of Cheops is one of the seven __ of the world. ( Pyramid / temples / landmarks / wonders )
25. The only surviving wonder on Antipater’s list is __ ( The great Wall of China / The statue of Zues / The Pyramid of Cheops / Angkor Wat)
26. Angkor Wat was originally built for __. ( Hindus / Buddhists / kings / the citizens of Phnom Penh ) 
III/ Make the questions for the underlined words:
1. Two hundred people are employed by the company. 
2. Cheese and butter are made from milk.
3. The result will be known next week.	
4. a milk bottle can be reused thirty times.
5. The park gates are locked at 6:30 p.m.	
6. The applications should be sent to the main office.
7. The room is cleaned every day.
8. Clement Clarke Moore wrote the poem “A Visit from Saint Nocholas”.
9. Angkor Wat was part of a royal Khmer city a long time ago.
10. Phong Nha Cave is in the North Viet Nam.
VI/ Circle a mistake and correct: 
1. I are going to spend my vacation in Da Lat next week. 
2. Do you mind take the book back to the library for me?
3. My sister is studying very hard in order getting scholarship at university.
4. If the victim gets socked, don’t give him many food and drink.
5. They dicided padling around the lake in a canoe.
6. Would you mind to give me some advice about buying a computer?
7. We can reused things like envelopes, glass, plastic bottles and old plastic bags
8. Shall I to come and pick you up at 7 o’clock.
9. I was watching TV then the telephone rang and somebody knocked on the door.
10. I am interesting in the rice – cooking contest you organized yesterday.
11. Some oranges have been buyed and put on the table.
12. Thanks for invite me to the water – fetching contest of your school.
13. She asked to me what I wanted her to do while she was out. 
14. The grand prize is gave to the team with the most points.
15. What about go to the cinema to night and having dinner after that?
16. Mom said that life is more difficult when she was a young. 
17. Have you done your homework the teacher gives yesterday yet?
18. As students we ought follow our parents’ and teachers’ advice.
19. Would you mind if I take a photo of you and your family?
20. We are going to held a summer camp this July.
VII/ Give the correct form of the words: 
She was  for days after the accident. ( conscious)
His speedy  after the operation was amazed all the doctors. ( revive)
The  of the water caused the dam to burst. ( press)
Cool the burns  so as to minimize tissue damage. ( immediate)
She is very  about her mother’s health. ( anxiety)
Mary is one of the  from Friends of the Earth. ( represent)
Waste paper can be  after being recycling. ( use)
The country’s  resources include forests, coal and oil. ( nature)
It’s  to cross the avenue. ( danger)
Compost is wonderful . It helps plants grow. ( fertilize)
The wind started to blow and the rain became ( heavy)
She cried  when she heard that new. ( excited)
Donna is a . She has a flower shop in Los Angeles. ( flower)
Most tourists like visiting villages. (tribe)
John is in the history in Vietnam. ( interest)
It’s a contest in which  have to read to poems in English. ( participate)
Santa Claus is based on the  of Saint Nicholas in a poem. ( describe)
Unfortunately, the leader of the Church said the songs were  ( suit)
This temple was build by the local  over 100 years ago. ( inhabit) 
Angkor Wat was  built to honor a Hindu God. ( origin)
The town now becomes the Buddhist  center of the whole country. ( religion)
The area  the village used to be flooded. ( surround) 
Ha Long Bay is in  Viet Nam ( North)
I’ve made a few  to the design. ( adjust). 
This is such a  career as a test pilot. ( challenge) 
The president is deeply  about the pollution. ( concern) 
The child started  at the red balloon. (fix) 
The  of goods by rail is cheaper then by ship or plane. ( convey)
There was a big  in front of the stadium yesterday. (crush) 
The detergent comes powder or  form. ( liquefy)
VIII/ Pick out the words that has the underlined letters pronounced differently from the others:
 	 A	 B 	 C 	 D 
1. 	arrived 	sight 	island	 prison
2. 	who 	what 	where 	which
3. 	head 	beach 	weather	 heavy
4. 	why 	try 	dry 	gym
5. 	mind	window	find	tidy
6. 	small	tall	plane	hall
7. 	bread 	meat	team	please
8. 	environment	birthday	white 	stripe
9. 	copy	novel	pop	come
10. 	wanted	needed	attended	worked
11. 	bank	station	lazy	vacation
12.	stopped	watched	learned	looked
13. 	repair 	relax	energetic	enjoy
14. 	thin 	then 	they	there
15. 	school	teacher	children	chicken
16. 	compile	snorkel	memorize	compete
17. 	heritage	ranger	jungle	pomegranate
18. 	require	install	fix	restrict
19.	connect	fetch	recognize	concern
20.	gallery	valley	contact	wharf
IX. Rewrite these sentences, using reported speech.
Charles said, “I’m living in London now.” 
He said to us, “You are my best friends.” ...
Johnny said to me, “I don’t know what Fred is doing.”...
She said, “I will answer the phone.” 
He said to his friends, “I must go home now.” 
Hoa said, “I can’t go out after 8 pm.” ..
She said to me, “I will come and see you as soon as I can.” ...
Susan said, “My sister is coming to see me next week.” 
Judy said, “John wants to come here but he isn’to very well.” ...
Judy said to me, “I’m going away for a few days. I’ll phone you when I get back.” .
X / Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first.
Clement Clarke Moore wrote the poem in 1823. The poem 
Christmas cards should be sent a week before Christmas Day. You ...
“We are waiting for the school bus.”, said the children. The children said .
Nobody has used this machine for years. This machine ..
She said to me, “Turn off all the lights when you go out.” She ...
The last time I played tennis was in 1990. I haven’t ...
Roses can’t possibly grow in such poor ground. It is impossible 
They use recycled plastic to make toys and utensils. Recycled ..
Someone gave this parcel to her few minutes ago. This parcel ...
The sister asked, “Are you hungry, Tom?”. The sister 
“How do you go to school?” The women asked me. The women asked .
It is dangerous to walk home late in the evening. Walking .
“Please bring me some food and drink”, he said to her. He asked her 
I asked her, “Do you enjoy your English class?”. I asked her .
XI/ Rewrite the following Yes/No questions in reported speech, use IF or WHETHER:
1.“Do you enjoy reading books?” Phong asked Peter.
=> Phong asked Peter.
2. “Does she like sports?”Hoa asked Lan.
=>Hoa asked ..
3. “Does Hoa play badminton?” Lan asked Thu.
=>Lan asked Thu
4. “Does your sister and brother go to the same school?”She asked Nam.
=>She asked
5. “Do the children perform on TV?” Her mother asked her teacher.
=>Her mother asked
6. “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom.
=>She asked
7. “Will it rain tomorrow morning?” He asked his friend.
=>He asked.
8. “Do you travel to school by bus?” Tam asked Peter.
=>Tam asked ..
9. “Are Tam and Hoa late for class?” Tuan asked Lan.
=>Tuan asked..
10. “Do you need an umbrella to go out?” She asked me.
=>She asked
XII. Write the sentences with the verbs in the past simple or past continuous :
They (wait) . for me when I (arrive) . at the station.
She (swim) . in the sea when I (see) .her.
they (play) . tennis when it (start) raining?
She (cry) . when she (hear) . the news.
We (drive) . home from the theatre when the police (stop) .us.
Everyone (become) .quiet when the concert (begin) ..
When she (learn) .him, he (become) .quite ill.
You (work) .in a restaurant when I first (meet) .you.
I (feel) .very angry when I (read) .the letter.
It (rain) .when I (get up) ..
XIII / Do as directed in the brackets.
1. The boy is living in Tran Hung Dao Street.He is my friend.(using the -ing participles)
2. The garden is watered every morning. It is full of flowers. .(using the -ed participles)
3. Can I give some advice on your study habit? (using “Would/ Do you mind...?”)
4. Could you tell me how you learned English at school? (using “Would/ Do you mind...?”)
5. They / do their homework at 8.00 last night. ( Write the sentence using the past progressive tense)
6. What were you doing when your father came? (read a book) (Answer the questions using the given words)
7. Khi b¹n gäi t«i , t«i ®ang nãi chuyƯn víi em hä cđa t«i. ( Translate into English)
8. It/ not easy/ answer/ these questions. (Write the sentences with: “Adj + to-infinitive”)
9. They pass all the exams. They are lucky. (Combine each pair of the sentences “ Adj + to-infinitive” )
10. Remove/ old paper/ load/ new paper/ input tray.( Write these words into sentences )
11. music/ was/ home/ lesson/ practising/ my/ I/ at ( Arrange these words into the complete sentence )
12. Tom said:“My friend is coming next week.” (Change into reported speech )
13. A leter was written to his friend yesterday. (Change into Active Voice )
14. Many tropical forests/ destroy/ in this area. ( Write the sentence using the present perfect tense)
15. “Where does your father work?” The teacher asked me. (Rewriting the Wh-question in reported speech )
Good luck to you!